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American People in China and Their Businesses?

 Determining the exact number of American citizens residing in China is challenging due to varying data sources and the dynamic nature of expatriate populations. However, available estimates provide some insight:

• 2010 Census Data: According to China’s 2010 national census, there were 71,493 Americans living in mainland China, making them the second-largest group of foreign nationals after South Koreans. 

• 2018 Estimate: A 2018 report estimated that approximately 72,000 Americans resided in China, excluding Hong Kong and Macau. 

• Hong Kong: In 1999, there were 48,220 Americans living in Hong Kong. 


It’s important to note that these figures are subject to change due to factors such as economic conditions, political relations, and global events. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving U.S.-China relations have likely influenced the number of Americans choosing to live and work in China in recent years.


For the most current information, consulting the U.S. Embassy or Consulates in China or official Chinese government publications is advisable.

And numerous American companies operate in China across various industries, including technology, finance, manufacturing, and consumer goods. These businesses have established a significant presence in the Chinese market, contributing to the economic interdependence between the two nations.


Examples of American Companies Operating in China:

• IBM: Provides technology solutions and services, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and consulting. 

• Pfizer: Operates research and development centers, manufacturing plants, and a comprehensive sales network in the pharmaceutical sector. 

• Johnson & Johnson: Engages in manufacturing, research and development, and offers consumer health products. 

• Caterpillar Inc.: Maintains manufacturing plants, research centers, and a wide distribution network in the construction and mining sectors. 


Recent Developments:


In January 2025, Citadel Securities applied for a securities license in China, indicating ongoing interest among American firms in expanding their operations within the country. 


Challenges and Considerations:


Despite the extensive involvement of American businesses in China, recent surveys indicate growing concerns about geopolitical tensions and trade disputes. A January 2025 survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in China revealed that over half of American businesses in China are apprehensive about the deteriorating U.S.-China relationship, marking the highest level of concern in five years. 


Furthermore, a record number of U.S. companies are contemplating relocating parts of their operations due to escalating geopolitical tensions. The annual survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in China found that 30% of respondents explored alternative sourcing or manufacturing locations in the past year, double the levels from 2020. 



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